Cleachtadh
le briathra; practice with verbs
Cuir
Gaeilge ar na sraitheanna seo:
I
believe. I believed. I used to believe. I will
believe. I would believe.
I
fly. I flew. I used to fly. I will fly. I would
fly.
I
see. I saw. I used to see. I will see. I would
see.
You
don't read. You didn't read. You didn't used to
read. You won't read. You wouldn't read.
Does
he collect? Did he collect? Did he used to collect?
Will he collect? Would he collect?
Key:
Creidim. Chreid mé (hyred may*). Chreidinn.
Creidfidh mé (KRET-hee may*). Chreidfinn
(HYRET-hin).
Eitlím
(ET-i-leem). D'eitil mé. D'eitlínn
(DET-leen). Eitleoidh mé (et-LOH-ee may*).
D'eitleoinn (det-LOH-in).
Feicim.
Chonaic mé. D'fheicinn. Feicfidh mé.
D'fheicfinn (DEK-hin).
Ní
léann (LAY*-uhn) tú. Níor
léigh tú. Ní léiteá.
Ní léifidh (LAY*-hee) tú.
Ní léifeá (LAY*-faw*).
An
mbailíonn sé? Ar bhailigh sé?
An mbailíodh (MAHL-ee-ohk*) sé?
An mbaileoidh (mahl-YOH-ee) sé? An mbaileodh
(mahl-YOHK*) sé?
Cuir
Béarla ar an focail seo leanas (LAN-uhs):
Nár
cheannaigh tú é? Nach n-éistfidh
tú leo? An ithimis iad? D'imíomar
linn. Léimfeadh sé. Nach ndúnadh
sibh é?
Key:
Didn't you buy it? Won't you listen to them? Did
we used to eat them? We departed (took ourselves
off). He would jump. Didn't you-all used to close
it?
Réamhfhocail
(RAY*V-ohk-il); prepositions
More
uses for the word "ar", meaning generally
"on":
When
an indefinite location is meant, "ar"
does not cause aspiration of the word after it.
Learn these examples:
ar
bord; on board (a ship, train, or generally present).
ar
muir (er MWIR); at sea; ar farraige; at sea.
ar
talamh (er TAH-luhv); on land.
ar
bóthar; on the road, traveling.
ar
cruinniú; meeting, in session.
Examples:
Níl Seán ar bord fós; Seán's
not on board yet. Is deas tú bheith ar
bord againn; good to have you on board.
Bhí
an long ar muir le tamall fada; the ship was at
sea for a long time.
Is
fearr leis an gcat bheith ar talamh; the cat prefers
to be on land.
Bhínn
(veen) ar bóthar le linn na míosa
go léir; I used to be on the road the whole
month.
An
bhfuil an t-uachtarán agus na múinteoirí
ar cruinniú fós?; are the president
and the teachers still meeting?
To
describe certain actions or conditions, "ar"
may be followed by a verbal noun or other kind
of noun. Learn these phrases:
ar
fiuchadh (FYOOK*-huh); boiling
ar
mire (MIR-e); very angry, also ar buile (BWIL-e)
ar
fáil; available
ar
meisce; intoxicated
ar
siúl (shool); going on, happening
ar
seilbh (SHEL-iv); in the possession of
ar
seachrán (SHAHK*-raw*n); astray, in error
ar
iasacht (EE-sahk*t); on loan, borrowed
Examples:
Tá
an t-uisce ar fiuchadh; the water is boiling.
Bhí
an cat ar mire; the cat was very angry, wild with
rage.
Níl
an t-airgead ar fáil anois; the money is
not to be had now.
An
bhfuil sé ar meisce?; is he drunk?
Cad
tá ar siúl ann?; what is happening
there?
Beidh
mé ar seilbh an tí go luath; I will
be in possession of the house soon.
Tá
Seán ar seachrán ar an gcnoc; Seán
is wandering astray on the hill.
Fuair
mé an leabhar ar iasacht; I borrowed the
book.
Graiméar
The
subjunctive, an modh fóshuiteach (foh-HI-tahk*)
san aimsir láithreach
Irish
has a separate form for expressing the equivalent
of "I hope that __ ", or "May it
__," or "It should __ ." This is
called the present tense of the subjunctive mood.
It is simple to form and use. Here are several
examples to memorize before looking at the rules
for forming the mood and tense:
go
dtaga do ríocht (REE-ohk*t); may Thy kingdom
come
go
maire tú (MAH-re too); may you live, long
life to you.
go
mbeannaí Dia dhuit (goh MAN-ee DEE-uh git);
may God bless you.
go
raibh maith agat; thank you (may you have good).
The
negative form is introduced by "nár"
(naw*r) and is usually imprecation or wish for
unfavorable outcome or for punishment, although
a few exceptions are found:
Nár
agrá Dia air é; may God not punish
him for it.
Nár
laga Dia a lámh; may God not weaken his
hand.
For
first-conjugation verbs (such as dún or
mol) ending in a broad consonant, the basic forms
end in "a": go dúna, go mola,
go n-óla.
For
first-conjugation verbs ending in a slender consonant,
such as caith or bris, the basic forms end in
"e"; go gcaithe, go mbrise, go n-éiste.
For
second-conjugation verbs, such as bailigh or ceannaigh,
"í" is the ending: go mbailí,
go gceannaí.
A
complete listing, to be read aloud several times:
go
ndúna mé (goh NOON-uh may*), may
I close.
go
ndúna tú; go ndúna sé;
go ndúna sí.
go
ndúnaimid, may we close; go ndúna
sibh; go ndúna siad.
go
ndúntar é, may it be closed.
nár
dhúna mé (naw*r GOON-uh may*), may
I not close.
nár
dhúna tú; nár dhúna
sé; nár dhúna sí.
nár
dhúnaimid, may we not close; nár
dhúna sibh; nár dhúna siad.
nár
dhúntar é, may it not be closed.
For
"cuir", the first form is: go gcuire
mé (goh GIR-e may*).
For
"imigh", the first form is: go n-imí
mé (goh NIM-ee may*).
For
the irregular verbs, this tense is based on the
present tense and is entirely regular, as you
can see from these: go dtaga mé, go dté
mé, go bhfeice mé, go ndeire mé,
go gcloise mé, go ndéana mé,
go bhfaighe mé, go dtuga mé, go
mbeire mé air, go n-ithe mé.
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