Cleachtadh
briathra: practice with verbs
Read
the following sentences aloud, or have someone
who is familiar with the pronunciation guide
of these lessons read them to you. Do not translate
them in your mind. Instead, form a mental picture
of, and perhaps an emotion concerning, the idea
and the agent.
Ullmhaímid
bia le haghaidh an lóin.
Níor
ullmhaíomar an fheoil inné.
Nach
n-ullmhaímid an t-iasc roimh an fheoil?
An
ullmhóimid dinnéar roimh teacht
do mhic?
D'ullmhóimis
ceann eile, dá mbeimis in ann an fheoil
a fháil.
Deisíodh
an seandroichead tar éis na timpiste.
Déantar
pinn níos fearr ná iad sin.
Cheapfá
go mbeidís gan mhaith ar bith.
Ghoidfí
é, dá bhfágfá (VWAWK-faw*)
ar an tsráid é.
Key:
We prepare food for the lunch. We didn't prepare
the meat yesterday. Don't we prepare the fish
before the meat? Will we prepare dinner before
the coming of your son? We would prepare another
one, if we were able to get the meat. The old
bridge was repaired after the accident. Better
pens than those are made. You would think that
they were no good at all. It would be stolen,
if you were to leave it on the street.
Notes:
"Teacht" is a verbal noun and can
serve as an ordinary noun.
Graiméar
The
verb "is" has its own modh foshuiteach,
aimsir láithreach, or subjunctive, present
tense. It is very simple: gura (GU-ruh) and
nára (NAW*R-uh) are the forms before
words beginning with any consonant, including
"f". Before words beginning with a
vowel, the form becomes "gurab" (GUR-uhb)
and "nárab" (NAW*R-uhb). These
four forms generally occur only in certain expressions,
such as the examples here:
Gura
slán an scéalaí (SHKAY*L-ee);
good luck to the story teller.
Nára
mhaith an mhaise (VWAH-shuh) dó é;
I hope it's no good to him.
Gurab
amhlaidh (OU-lee) duit; May it be the same to
you. This is the reply to "Nollaigh shona
dhuit", Merry Christmas, etc.
Nárab
olc an mhaise dó é; I hope that
he will benefit from it.
Foirmeacha
le "ar"
To
ask another person to describe something, say,
"Cuir síos air". Literally,
this means, "Put down on it".
"Send
for him" is: Cuir fios air; put knowledge
on him.
To
ask someone to force another person to do something,
say "Tabhair air é a dhéanamh"
(YAY*N-uhv).
"Socraigh
air" means "Decide on it".
Cleachtadh
leo seo:
Cuirfinn
síos ar an teach, dá mbeifeá
anseo; I would describe the house, if you were
here. Cuireadh fios ar an ndochtúir;
the doctor was sent for. Nár chuire tú
síos ar an timpiste; I hope you won't
describe the accident. Chuirfinn fios ar m'iníon;
I used to send for my daughter.
Thug
sé orm an carr a fháil; he made
me get the car. Thabharfadh sé ar a mháthair
a bhricfeasta a ullmhú, dá mbeadh
sí sa bhaile; he would make his mother
get (prepare) his breakfast, if she were home.
Socraíonn
siad ar chruinniú go tapaidh (TAHP-ee);
they decide on a meeting quickly. Shocraíomar
ar bhrat urláir aréir; we decided
on a rug last night.
Liosta
focal briathra
scaip
(skahp), ag scaipeadh ( uh SKAHP-uh), scaipthe,
scaipeann sé, scaipidh sé; scatter,
scattering scattered, he scatters, he will scatter.
ceistigh
(KESH-tee), ag ceistiú (KESHT-yoo), ceistithe,
ceistíonn sé, ceisteoidh sé;
question, questioning, questioned, he questions,
he will question.
nigh
(ni), ag ní, nite (NI-te), níonn
sé, nífidh (NEE-hee) sé;
wash, washing, washed, he washes, he will wash.
croith
(kri), ag croitheadh, croite (KRI-te), croitheann
sé, croitfidh sé; shake, shaking,
shaken, he shakes, he will shake.
maraigh
(MAHR-ee), ag marú, maraithe, maraíonn
sé, maróidh sé; kill, killing,
killed, he kills, he will kill.
Ainmfocail
(AN-im-OH-kil)
bruscar
(BRUS-kuhr), an bruscar, an bhruscair; refuse,
rubbish, the refuse, of the refuse; 1st declension.
cosamar
(KOHS-uh-muhr), an cosamar, an chosamair; garbage;
1st declension.
frog
(frohg), an frog, an fhroig (un rig), na froganna;
frog, the frog, of the frog, the frogs; 1st
declension.
méara
(MAY*R-uh), an méara, an mhéara,
na méaraí; mayor, the mayor, of
the mayor, the mayors; 3rd declension
Comhrá
Leanann
ár gcairde lena ngnóthaí
an-tabhachtacha; our friends continue with their
important affairs:
Diarmuid:
Chuireamar ár mbruscar amach aréir.
Siobhán:
Go mbailítear do bhruscar roimh a scaiptear
é.
Breandán:
Phós m'iníon é, phóg
sí é, ach tá sé
ina fhrog fós.
Róisín:
Go ndéana Dia trocaire orthu beirt.
Daithí:
Bhí mé amuigh go mall aréir.
Ríobhca
(REEV-kuh) (Rebecca): Nár cheistí
d'athair thú.
Donall:
Chroith mé fein agus an méara
lámh le chéile ar maidin.
Fionnuala:
Nár nitear do lámh go brách.
Niall:
Fuaireamar an t-airgead agus an talamh (TAH-luhv).
Pádraigín:
Nár chaillimid go deo iad.
Peadar:
Bhí an cat ag lorg na luch.
Eithne:
Go maraí sé gach luch.
Key:
Diarmuid: We put our trash out last night.
Siobhán: May your trash be collected
before it is scattered.
Breandán:
My daughter married him, she kissed him, but
he's still a frog. Róisín: May
God have mercy on the two of them.
Daithí:
I was out late last night. Ríobhca: I
hope your father doesn't question you.
Donall:
Myself and the mayor shook hands this morning.
Fionnuala: May your hand never be washed.
Niall:
we got the money and the land. Pádraigín:
May we never lose them.
Peadar:
The cat was looking for the mice. Eithne: May
he catch every mouse.
Nótaí:
"He questioned me" can be either "Chuir
sé ceist orm" or "cheistigh
sé mé". "Beirt",
two persons, can precede or follow the compound
prepositions. "Beirt agaibh" means
'two of you", and "orthu beirt"
means "on two of them" or "on
both of them".
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