Practice with fourth-declension nouns
Although the fourth declension does not include
as many nouns as the first declension, its nouns
are ones frequently heard and seen. This lesson
gives you some of them.
In most of the list, only the basic singular
and plural forms are offered. For ainmfhocail
fhirinscneacha (AN-im-OH-kil IR-inshk-nahk*-uh),
or masculine nouns, remember that the genitive
or possessive case has an aspirated first consonant
(except for "d" and "t," which
are unchanged, and "s," whose sound
is replaced by "t," prefixed to the
word).
Examples of the exceptions are: Lá an
Dreoilín, Wren Day; blas an tae, taste
of the tea; i lár an tseomra (i law*r uh
TOHM-ruh), in the middle of the room.
Ainmfhocail fhirinscneacha
caipín, (KAH-peen), an caipín,
na caipíní; cap, etc.
fáinne (FAW*N-ye), na fáinní
(FAW*N-yee); ring, the rings.
madra (MAH-druh), na madraí (MAH-dree);
dog, the dogs.
siopa (SHOHP-uh), na siopaí; store, the
stores.
ainm (AN-im), an t-ainm, an ainm, na hainmneacha
(HAN-im-NAHK*-uh); name, the name, of the name,
the names.
uisce (ISH-ke), na huiscí; water, the
waters.
mála (MAW*-luh), na málaí;
bag, the bags.
garáiste (guh-RAW*SH-te), na garáistí;
garage, the garages.
geata (GA-tuh), na geataí; gate, the gates.
pláta (PLAW*-tuh), na plátaí;
plate, the plates.
céirnín (kay*r-NEEN), na céirníní;
record, the records (for music).
báisín (baw*-SHEEN), na báisíní;
basin, the basins.
píosa (PEES-uh), na píosaí;
piece, the pieces.
bóna (BOH-nuh), na bónaí;
collar, the collars.
dáta (DAW*-tuh), na dátaí;
date, the dates (calendar term).
stoca (STOHK-uh), na stocaí; stocking,
the stockings.
seomra (SHOHM-ruh), na seomraí; room,
the rooms.
damhsa (DOU-suh), na damhsaí; dance, the
dances.
rince (RINK-e), na rincí; dance, the dances.
císte (KEESH-te), na cístí;
cake, the cakes.
péire (PAY*R-e), na péirí;
pair, the pairs.
sneachta (SHNAHK*-tuh), an sneachta, na tsneachta
(TNAHK*-tuh), (no plural); snow, the snow, of
the snow.
tae, an tae, an tae, (no plural); tea, the tea,
of the tea.
béile (BAY*L-uh), na béilí;
meal, the meals.
ceapaire (KYAP-uh-re), na ceapairí; sandwich,
the sandwiches.
staighre (STEYE-re), an staighre, an staighre,
na staighrí; stair, the stair, of the stair,
the stairs. The singular form is generally employed.
In the genitive, the "t" sound does
not replace the "s", because the combination
of "tst" could not be pronounced easily.
bríste (BREESH-te), na brístí;
trousers, the trousers. The singular form means
a pair of trousers in English.
caife (KAH-fe), (no plural); coffee.
duine (DIN-e), na daoine (DEEN-e); person, the
person or people.
contae (KOHN-tay*), na contaetha (KOHN-tay*-huh);
county, the counties.
rúnaí (ROON-hee), na rúnaithe
(ROON-i-he); secretary, the secretaries.
rothaí (ROH-hee), na rothaithe (ROH-hi-he);
cyclist, the cyclists.
tiománaí (ti-MAW*-nee), na tiománaithe
(ti-MAW*-ni-he); driver, the drivers.
Ainmfhocail bhaininscneacha (feminine nouns)
In these, the genitive or possessive case is
preceded by "na" for "the",
and an "h" is prefixed to a noun beginning
with a vowel in the genitive case.
líne (LEEN-uh), an líne, na líne,
na línte; line, the line, of the line,
the lines.
féile (FAY*-le), fhéile (AY*-le),
na féile, na féiltí; feastday,
the feastday, of the feastday, the feastdays.
éide (AY*-de), na héidí;
uniform, the uniforms.
tine (TIN-e), na tinte; fire, the fires (in fireplace
or hearth).
táille (TAW*-il-ye), na táillí;
fee, toll, the fees, the tolls.
timpiste (TIM-pish-te), na timpistí; accident,
the accidents.
rogha (ROU-uh), na roghanna (ROU-uh-nuh); choice,
the choices.
fírinne (FEER-in-ye), na fírinní
(FEER-in-yee); truth, the truths.
eagla (AH-gluh), no plural); fear.
beatha (BA-huh), na beathaí (BA-hee);
life.
saoire (SEE-i-re), an tsaoire (TEE-i-re), na
saoire, (no plural); vacation, the vacation, of
the vacation.
farraige (FAH-rig-e), na farraigí; sea,
the seas.
teanga (TANG-uh), na teangacha (TANG-uh-huh);
tongue, the tongues, also language, the languages.
coinne (KIN-ye), na coinní; appointment,
the appointment.
Cuir Gaeilge orthu seo:
The ring's color. Washing their dogs. Drinking
the water. Above the other bag. Throwing the cap
in the air. Washing his dog. Writing the names.
Next to the garage. Her ring's color. The storekeeper
(man of the store). A storekeeper.
Above the line. Next to the fire. Paying his
fees. Making my choice. After that feastday. During
their vacation. The day of my appointment. Making
those appointments. Buying the uniform. Buying
her uniform.
Key: dath an fháinne. Ag ní
a madraí. Ag ól an uisce. Os cionn
an mhála eile. Ag caitheamh an chaipín
san aer. Ag ní a mhadra. Ag scríobh
na nainmneacha. In aice an gháraiste. Dath
a fáinne. Fear an tsiopa (TYOH-puh), Fear
siopa.
Os cionn na líne. In aice na tine. Ag
íoc a bháillí. Ag déanamh
mo rogha. Tar éis an fhéile sin.
Le linn a saoire. Lá mo choinne. Ag déanamh
na gcoinní sin. Ag ceannach a éide.
Ag ceannach a héide.
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