"DÁ"
AND "MURA" WITH REGULAR VERBS (CONTINUED)
Last
week, the forms for "I would put, you would
put, etc.," were given. The negative, the
question, the negative question, the "dá,"
and the "mura" forms are similar, but
the initial consonant may be eclipsed instead
of aspirated. This resembles the change system
for "tá."
First,
for the negative:
ní
chuirfinn (K*IR-hin), I wouldn't put
ní
chuirfeá· (K*IR-faw*), you wouldn't
put
ní
chuirfeadh sé (K*IR-huhk* shay*), he wouldn't
put
ní
chuirfeadh sí, she wouldn't put
ní
chuirfimis (K*IR-hi-mish), we wouldn't put
ní
chuirfeadh sibh, you-all wouldn't put
ní
chuirfidís (K*IR-hi-deesh), they wouldn't
put
ní
chuirfí (K*IR-fee), people wouldn't put
For
verbs ending in a broad consonant, "cas"
is an example:
ní
chasfainn (K*AHS-hin), I wouldn't turn
ní
chasfá (K*AHS-faw*), you wouldn't turn
ní
chasfadh sé (K*AHS-huhk* shay*), he wouldn't
turn
ní
chasfadh sí, she wouldn't turn
ní
chasfaimis (K*AHS-hi-mish), we wouldn't turn
ní
chasfadh sibh, you-all wouldn't turn
ní
chasfaidís (K*AHS-hi-deesh), they wouldn't
turn
ní
chasfaí (K*AHS-fwee), people wouldn't turn
Example:
ní chasfaí anseo, mura mbeadh solas
ar an mballa; people wouldn't turn here, if there
weren't a light on the wall.
For
the questions, for "dá" and for
"mura," eclipsis occurs if the verb
begins with a consonant that can be eclipsed.
The
simple questions are:
an
gcuirfinn? (GIR-hin), would I put?
an
gcuirfeá? (GIR-faw*), would you put?
an
gcuirfeadh sé? (GIR-huhk*), would he put?
an
gcuirfeadh sí?, would she put?
an
gcuirfimis? (GIR-hi-mish), would we put?
an
gcuirfeadh sibh?, would you-all put?
an
gcuirfidís? (GIR-hi-deesh), would they
put?
an
gcuirfí? (GIR-fee), would people put?
For
the verb "cas":
an
gcasfainn? (GAHS-hin), would I turn?
an
gcasfá? (GAHS-faw*), would you turn?
an
gcasfadh sé? (GAHS-huhk*), would he turn?
an
gcasfadh sí?, would she turn?
an
gcasfaimis? (GAHS-hi-mish), would we turn?
an
gcasfadh sibh?, would you-all turn?
an
gcasfaidís? (GAHS-hi-deesh), would they
turn?
an
gcasfaí? (GAHS-fwee), would people turn?
Example:
An gcuirfeá an t-airgead sa bhanc, dá
mbeadh am go leor agat?; Would you put the money
in the bank, if you had (enough) time?
The
negative question is:
Nach
gcuirfinn? Nach gcuirfeá? Nach gcuirfeadh
sé? Nach gcuirfeadh sí? Wouldn't
I put?, wouldn't you put?, etc.
Nach
gcuirfimis? Nach gcuirfeadh sibh? Nach gcuirfidís?
Nach gcuirfí? Wouldn't we put?, wouldn't
you-all put? wouldn't they put?, wouldn't people
put?
For
"cas," the negative question is:
Nach
gcasfainn? Nach gcasfá? Nach gcasfadh sé?
Nach gcasfaí? Wouldn't I turn?, wouldn't
you turn?, wouldn't he turn? wouldn't people turn?
"Dá"
and "mura" also cause eclipsis:
Dá
gcuirfinn (daw* GIR-hin), if I should put, etc.
Dá
gcasfainn (daw* GAHS-hin), if I should turn, etc.
Mura
gcuirfinn, if I were not to put, etc.
Mura
gcasfainn, if I were not to turn, etc.
If
the verb begins with a vowel, such as "a,
e, i, o, u," minor differences occur. Examples,
with which you will become familiar during later
exercises, are:
D'ólfadh
sé é (DOHL-huhk* shay* ay*), he
would drink it. Nach n-ólfadh sé?,
wouldn't he drink? Dá n-ólfadh sé,
if he were to drink. Mura n-ólfadh sé,
if he weren't to drink.
If
the verb begins with an "f," a "d"
precedes it in the declarative, which is the simplest
form:
D'fhágfainn
é (DAW*K-hin ay*), I would leave it. D'fheicfeadh
sé é (DEK-huhk* shay* ay*), he would
see it.
RECOGNITION
DRILL FOR
"IF" AND "IF NOT" SENTENCES
isualize
the verb meaning and who the subject is (I, you,
Ciaran, etc.) for these phrases:
Má
bhris sé é. Chreidfeá é.
Mura n-ólfaidís (NOHL-hi-deesh)
é. Dá bpógfainn (BOHK-hin)
í. Mura mbeimid ann. Ní stadfadh
(STAHT-huh) Séamas. An scuabfaidh (SKOOP-hee)
sibh é? Nach líonfá é?
Mura gcuireann Mairsile (MAHR-shil-e) sa chistin
(HYISH-tin) é. Dá mbearrfaimis (MYAHR-hi-mish)
sinn féin.
Key:
If he broke it. You would believe him. If they
weren't to drink it. If I were to kiss her. If
we won't be there. Séamas wouldn't stop.
Will you-all brush it? Wouldn't you fill it? If
Mairsile doesn't put it in the kitchen. If we
were to shave (ourselves).
Each
of the phrases is one-half of a complete condition
and result, such as: Mura n-ólfaidís
é, bheadh tart orthu; if they weren't to
drink it, they would be thirsty.
Up
to now, the many forms for the conditional have
called for heavy repetitive drilling. The conditional
form or mood is very important in Irish, however,
and must be mastered if you are to be able to
express yourself accurately, understand others,
and get the meaning from what you read.
You
still need to learn the second conjugation's conditional,
and the conditional for "is" and for
some of the irregular verbs. After that, there
will be intensive conversations and reading exercises
to help you become fluent in the modh coinníollach.
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