Cleachtadh
le briathra
Learn
these verbs and nouns, and then read the sentences
following the lists:
Verbs:
cabhraigh
(KOU-ree) le, ag cabhrú (KOU-roo), cabhraithe
(KOU-ruh-he), cabhraíonn sé (KOU-ree-uhn
shay*) le, cabhróidh (KOU-roh-ee) sé
le; help, helping, helped, he helps, he will help.
This verb is followed by "le", as in
"Cabhraím le Múiris (MWIR-ish),
I help Maurice".
béic
(bay*k), ag béiceadh (BAY*K-uh), béicthe
(BAY*K-he), béiceann sé, béicfidh
(BAY*K-hee) sé; yell, shout shouting, shouted,
he shouts, he will shout. Bhéic sé
dom (VAY*K shay* duhm), he shouted to me.
eitil
(E-til), ag eitilt (eg E-tilt), eitilte, eitlíonn
sé, eitleoidh sé (et-LOH-ee shay*);
fly, flying, flown, he flies, he will fly.
adhain
(EYE-in), ag adhaint, adhanta (EYE-uhn-tuh), adhnann
sé (EYE-nuhn shay*), adhanfaidh sé
(EYE-uhn-hee shay*); kindle or light, lighting,
lit, he lights, he will light.
dóigh
(DOH-ee), ag dó, dóite (DOH-i-te),
dónn sé (dohn shay*), dófaidh
sé (DOH-hee shay*); burn, scorch, burning,
burnt, he burns, he will burn.
Nouns:
adhmad
(EYE-muhd), an t-adhmad, an adhmaid (un EYE-mwid);
wood, timber, the wood, of the wood. 1st declension,
masculine.
ordóg
(ohr-DOHG), an ordóg, na hordóige
(hohr-DOH-i-ge), na hordóga; thumb. 2nd
declension, feminine.
méar
(may*r), an mhéar (vay*r), na méire
(nuh MAY*R-e), na méara; finger. 2nd declension,
feminine.
lámhainn
(LAW*-vwin), an lámhainn, na lámhainne
(LAW*-vwin-ye), na lámhainní (LAW*-vwin-yee);
glove. 2nd declension, feminine.
gás
(gaw*s), an gás, an gháis (GAW*sh);
gas, the gas, of the gas. 1st declension, masculine.
iascaire
(EES-kuh-re), an t-iascaire, an iascaire, na hiscairí;
fisherman, the fisherman, of the fisherman, the
fishermen. 3rd declension, masculine.
iasc
(EE-uhsk), an t-iasc, an éisc (AY*shk),
na héisc; fish, the fish, of the fish,
the fish. 1st declension, masculine.
Read
the following sentences, forming a mental picture
of the activity and the agent, without actually
translating word for word:
Cabhróidh
Seán liom, má bheidh sé ann
amárach.
Bhéiceadh
sé suas an staighre dá mhac.
Dá
ndófá an t-iasc, ní bheadh
rud ar bith le n-ithe againn.
D'eitlíomar
ar an eitleán (ET-i-law*n) is mó
sa domhan (DOH-wuhn).
Éileoimid
os cionn (ohs KYUN) an tí dhóite.
Dóim
gás sa teach seo, ach dhómar gual
anuraidh (uh-NOOR-e).
D'adhnainn
an tine ar a sé a chlog, ach anois bíonn
an aimsir ró-the.
Dhóigh
sé a mhéar ar an sorn.
Chabhróinn
leat dá dtiocfá thart anseo.
Key:
Seán will help me if he is here tomorrow.
He used to shout upstairs to his son. If you were
to burn the fish, we wouldn't have anything to
eat. We flew on the largest airplane in the world.
We will fly over the burned house. I burn gas
in this house, but we burned coal last year. I
used to light the fire at six o'clock, but now
the weather is too hot. He burned his finger on
the stove. I would help you if you came over here.
Notes on the new words: Another way of saying
"help" in Irish is "tabhair cabhair
dom", meaning "give me help." This
is another example of how Irish often expresses
an idea with a verb and a noun, as well as a special
verb alone.
Cabhair
belongs to a small group of nouns called the fifth
declension. Its forms: cabhair (KOU-ir), an chabhair,
na cabhrach (KOU-rahk*), na cabhracha; help, the
help, of the help, the helps. You have probably
seen the name "An Cumann Cabhrach",
which means "The Society of Help", or
"The Aid Society."
"Dóigh"
is a first conjugation verb, like dún and
bris, but in the present tense "dóigh"
is slightly different.
dóim
(DOH-im), I burn, dónn tú (dohn
too), you burn, dónn sé, sí,
dóimid (DOH-i-mid), we burn, dónn
sibh, dónn siad, dóitear (DOH-i-tyuhr),
it is burned.
A
few other verbs resemble "dóigh".
Clóigh (KLOH-ee), means "print".
Clóitear anseo é; it is printed
here. Reoigh (ROH-ee), means "freeze".
Reofaigh sé (ROH-hee shay*) an t-iasc,
he will freeze the fish.
Do
not use "adhmaid" for a clump of trees,
which is a "coill" (kwil), a wood in
English. An bord adhmaid (EYE-mwid) is a wooden
table.
Lámhainn
comes from the word for hand, lámh. The
English word "glove" is also derived
from words for hand, but the derivation is not
as apparent.
Eitilt
is one of a family of words relating to aerial
flight. Eite means wing, and eitleán, an
t-eitleán (un TET-i-law*n), na heitleáin
(nuh HET-i-law*-in); airplane, the airplane, the
airplanes, is a derived word.
Iascaire
is one of a few 4th declension words ending in
-e and signifying occupation or job descriptions.
Scoláire is another, and cigire (KIG-i-re)
means inspector; na scoláirí and
na cigirí are the plurals.
Graiméar
The
preposition "ar" can give other meanings
to verbs that it follows. For example, "lig
ar" means to pretend.
Lig sé air nach bhfaca sé an madra;
he pretended that he didn't see the dog.
Lig
ort nach bhfuil tú anseo; pretend that
you are not here. This differds from "cuir
i gcás," which means "suppose,"
as in "Cuir i gcás go bhfuil tú
ar an ngealach (er uhng AL-uhk*)," suppose
that you are on the moon.
"Cuir
isteach ar" means to interfere with someone.
"Chuir sé isteach orm," he interrupted
me, he broke in on what I was doing.
Cleachtadh
aitheantais na mbriathra; recognition drill for
verbs
Dódh
an séipéal. D'adhanfainn an tine
dá mbeadh cipín agam. Chabhríodh
Brian le fear an phoist. Béicfidh sibh
nuair a fheicfidh sibh an bád nua. D'eitil
sí amach trasna na farraige. Ligeadh Séamas
air go mbíodh sé breoite. Tá
sé ag adhaint na tine anois. Níor
chuir sé sin isteach orm gur shroich mé
an chathair.
Key:
The church was burned. I would light the fire
if I had a match. Brian used to help the postman.
You will shout when you see the new boat. She
flew out across the sea. Séamas used to
pretend that he was sick. He is lighting the fire
now. That man didn't interrupt me until I reached
the city.
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